Food Biotechnology
For centuries, humans have been selecting, planting and harvesting seeds that produce food that nourishes. Global demand for food increased the need for improved crops. Biotechnology offers the technology needed to increase production of crops, plants that are naturally protected from pests and insects, and potentially more nutritious food and better taste. You can also see the benefits to the environment, as the biotech crops that are protected against insects reduce the need for pesticides. Protected crops from insects allow for less exposure to farmers and surface water of chemical waste, while allowing controlling pests throughout the season. Furthermore, the time, effort and resources should also be smaller, and preserving the soil because it reduces the need to control plagas.Los crops that are produced by applying biotechnological methods are becoming significant components of the crops in the United States. For example, improved versions of traditional soybean, corn, canola, papaya and squash Italian with additional beneficial characteristics. In addition, an enzyme used in cheese and yeast is produced by biotechnology.
New approaches to achieving old goals For centuries, bakers, brewers, farmers and vignerons have been using biology for their benefit and modifying genes to achieve the best breads, beers, wines and cheeses. The processes that they used are similar to those used in biotechnology agrícola.Un clear example is the process used to manufacture cheese. Before the era of biotechnology, most of the rennet (enzyme renin) that was used to make cheese, is extracted from the stomachs of calves. Biotechnology has enabled researchers to isolate the specific gene that produces renin and replicate in bacteria. In this way, because renin is produced through a fermentation process, eliminating the need to extract from the stomachs of calves. At present, almost 50% of renin for cheese production is obtained through this process fermentación.También the yeast used in bread making has been improved biotechnological was a yeast that can accelerate the fermentation of the bread and masses. Investigators from the United Kingdom developed the yeast simply rearranging and duplicating certain genes of the yeast itself. Former bakers could accomplish the same feat, but had delayed many years.
Traditional crop breeding
When crossing two plants using traditional breeding techniques, players combine to transfer thousands of genes protein products they need to improve one or more genetic characteristics. Therefore, the chances of something-for example, a toxin that is generated naturally be transferred unintentionally are far superior in reproducing the traditional biotecnológica.Para avoid toxicity, players spend many years to cross new varieties of plants with their distant relatives. Repeatedly crossing means combining plants with new varieties of known genetic components. Slowly, it will dilute the impact of making all of the unwanted gene is accompanied by the few beneficial features
Biotechnology safer methods of reproduction In general, the plant is safe and biotechnology can make it even safer. Biotechnology incorporates traditional breeding techniques to move certain genes, instead of having to move thousands. Also facilitates the identification of genes and proteins that are toxinas.En take place between 10 and 12 years to reproduce the plant by traditional methods, combining thousands of genes to improve crops, modern producers can select a specific genetic characteristic mudarla any plant and to the genetic code of another plant through biotechnology.
Additional benefits:
better methods of analysis as biotechnology improves, toxicologists can improve their understanding of how natural and synthetic intoxicants affect humans and animals at the cellular level. This means that evidence of "high dose" being conducted on laboratory animals and in which they were fed high doses of products to evaluate potential risks to human health, will be steadily replaced by studies of 'low-dose 'in which they analyzed the direct effects of substances to be tested on cell cultures and animals. This also means greater accuracy and usefulness.
Benefits and products of food biotechnology
For many centuries, farmers have resorted to the most modern technology to produce and improve foods that have particular beneficial characteristics. Biotechnology offers farmers a more specific method to achieve those goals. The use of biotechnology to benefit not only farmers but also consumers. Producers get higher yields of crops and the consumers have more choices over the years.
The benefits of biotechnology in actualidadLos current benefits of biotechnology include:
• Resistance to disease
• Reduced pesticide use
• More nutritious food
• Tolerance to herbicides
• Crop growth faster
Some of the products were improved through biotechnology are:
• Corn, soybeans and cotton that children now require applications of herbicides / pesticides
• Soybeans lower in saturated fat and higher content of oleic acid, which provides better stability when Fry
• papaya resistant to the viruses that make the crop more reliable and better yields are obtained
• Peppers improved to achieve a better taste (sweeter) and harder to remain after the harvest
• Potatoes and corn resistant to disease and offer higher yields
• Improvements in the taste and quality
The benefits of biotechnology in the near future
The volume of biotech crops in development continues to grow. Biotechnology has been used in a number of crops for several years, is expected in the coming years there will be more genetically enhanced products on the market. Some of the benefits that can be expected in the near future include:
• Reduction in levels of natural toxins, such as allergens in plants
• Emergence of simple and rapid methods to detect pathogens, toxins and pollutants (to reduce the risk of diseases being transmitted by food)
• Extension of frescuraLos Here are some products that could reach the market as a result of these benefits in development:
• Oils, such as soy and canola, developed in a manner that contain stearates, which will make margarines and vegetable fats are healthier
• more Sweet Peas with better yields
• smaller seedless melons representing a portion
• Bananas and pineapples with delayed ripening qualities
• peanuts with improved protein balance
• Bananas resistant fungi
• Tomatoes with a higher content of antioxidants (lycopene) than current varieties
• Fruits and vegetables that contain higher levels of vitamins C and E to improve the protection provided against the risk of contracting chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease
• heads of garlic with alicina, a substance that may help reduce cholesterol levels Rice
• more rich in proteins, using genes transferred from pea plants
• Strawberries containing higher levels of ellagic acid, a natural agent that fights cancer
• peppers, strawberries, raspberries, bananas, yams (sweet potato) and melon to have improved quality and nutritional conditions
• Strawberries with better performance and longer life, better flavor and texture
The benefits of biotechnology within a few years
According to the Census Bureau of the United States, the world population today is approximately 6.000 million and is expected to reach 9.000 million in 2050. There are few technologies which can match the potential of biotechnology to help prevent hunger in this siglo.Al increase the capacity of crops to withstand environmental factors, farmers may grow on parts of the world that currently are not suitable for such activities. In addition to producing additional food, this situation could also provide the economies of developing nations more jobs and higher productivity. Biotechnology will also enable farmers to incorporate improvements in plant varieties. This would increase the agricultural gene that billions of people depend for food básica.Otro of the economic and environmental benefits that are expected to realize is in the area of fertilizer use. Approximately half of the 12,000 million dollars to U.S. farmers must spend each year on fertilizer evaporates or disappears with the rain. Because of this, large amounts of fertilizers used are missing and can end up contaminating the water and damaging the environment. Some plants such as corn, could also be improved to remove nitrogen from the soil and reduce the need for fertilizers.
Crop plants such as biodegradable
Corn and soybeans can be transformed into factories for the production of natural ingredients such as sucrose, lysine and methionine, which are used as animal feed. These crops are recyclable and biodegradable and essentially replace the industrial plants, thereby reducing the stress in the ambiente.Biodiversidad vegetalDe more than 80,000 species of edible plants that are aware of their existence, humans cultivate only about 300. Of these, only 12 have emerged as essential products. Through genetic modification, crop breeders can: Increase the use of plant species by using biotechnology to discover which genes of value lies in their plants and then transferring them to crops now used around the world.
• Expanding the genetic variation of staple crops, using techniques that reproduce the desirable characteristics of sources not previously available. This will not affect the genetic lineage of many of the crops in the short term. In the long run, however, significantly expand the set of genes that are used in modern agriculture and thus reduce the relativamento low, but real, risk of crop failure.
• Using cloning techniques to expand the wild relatives of modern crops are at risk of extinction. • Finally, allow scientists to learn what the important genes that exist in the millions of plant specimens stored in gene banks around the world.